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Fertility·September 15, 2025· 7 min read

Fertility Terms Explained: A Plain-Language Guide

AMH, IUI, IVF, PCOS — fertility medicine comes with its own vocabulary. Here's a clear breakdown of the terms you'll hear most.

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matrea editorial team

Women's Health Editors

Walking into a fertility appointment for the first time can feel like landing in a foreign country. The terminology is dense, the stakes are high, and it can be hard to ask questions when you don't even know what you don't know.

Cycle day (CD): Refers to which day of your menstrual cycle you're on. Day 1 is the first full day of your period. Many fertility tests and treatments are timed to specific cycle days.

AMH (Anti-Müllerian Hormone): A blood test that measures ovarian reserve — how many eggs you have remaining. It doesn't tell you about egg quality, but gives doctors a sense of how you might respond to stimulation.

FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone): Another marker of ovarian reserve. Elevated FSH on cycle day 3 can indicate diminished ovarian reserve.

IUI (Intrauterine Insemination): A procedure in which washed sperm is placed directly into the uterus around the time of ovulation. Less invasive and less expensive than IVF, often used as a first-line treatment.

IVF (In Vitro Fertilization): Eggs are retrieved from the ovaries after hormone stimulation, fertilized with sperm in a lab, and the resulting embryos are transferred to the uterus.

PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome): A hormonal condition affecting roughly 1 in 10 women of reproductive age. It can affect ovulation regularity and is a common cause of fertility challenges.

Endometriosis: A condition in which tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus. It can affect fertility and cause significant pain, and is often underdiagnosed.

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